关于口腔癌
唇 and oral cavity cancer (also called oral cancer) is a disease where cancerous cells form in the lips or mouth. 亨茨曼癌症研究所 experts recommend having your dentist screen for oral cancer at routine check-ups. If you notice any of the signs and symptoms of oral cancer between check-ups, make an appointment with your doctor or an ear, 鼻子, 喉部专家.
迹象 & 症状
These are signs of 唇部和口腔癌:
- A sore on the lip or in the mouth that does not heal
- A lump or thickening on the lips or gums or in the mouth
- A white or red patch on the gums, tongue, or lining of the mouth
- Bleeding, pain, or numbness in the lip or mouth
- Loose teeth or dentures that no longer fit well
- Difficulty chewing or swallowing or moving the tongue or jaw
- 颌骨肿胀
- Sore throat or feeling that something is caught in the throat
- 声音的变化
Many other health problems can also cause these signs. If you have any of these signs, see your doctor as soon as possible.
了解更多关于 唇部和口腔癌 来自国家癌症研究所.
口腔图像
专业 & 治疗
The treatment or combination of treatments each patient has depends on the stage of the cancer, 护理小组的建议, 以及病人的愿望. These are the most common types of treatment for lip and oral cancers:
- 手术
- 放射治疗
亨茨曼癌症研究所’s Head and 颈部癌症s Program provides comprehensive, 富有同情心的, state-of-the-art care for people with these cancers. Our experts treat and diag鼻子 all types of head and neck cancers and conditions.
了解更多关于 癌症治疗的类型.
找一位口腔癌医生
原因 & 风险因素
Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean you are sure to get cancer. It means your chances are higher than the average person’s. Talk with your doctor to learn more about your cancer risk.
The chance of getting lip or oral cavity cancer increases with tobacco use. 以下是其他风险因素：
- Excess exposure to natural or artificial sunlight
- 有 人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）
- 喝酒
诊断 & 阶段
口腔癌的诊断
Doctors use these tests to diag鼻子 唇部和口腔癌:
- 体格检查及病史： A health care provider examines your oral cavity for signs of disease. Your personal health habits, past illnesses, and symptoms help guide the exam.
- 成像测试: 使用染料, x射线, 磁铁, 无线电波, 和/或计算机技术, your health care provider can create detailed images of internal organs. Your health care provider may inject or have you swallow a dye to help see the images.
- 表皮剥脱的细胞学: Your health care provider removes cells or tissues with a swab, 在嘴唇或口腔内, so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer.
- 活组织检查: The health care provider removes cell or tissue samples so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer.
口腔癌的分期
Cancer stages show whether cancer has spread within or around the lips and mouth or to other parts of the body. Cancer spreads in the body in three ways: through tissue, the lymph system, or the blood.
These are the stages used for 唇部和口腔癌:
- Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ): Abnormal cells are in the lining of the lips and oral cavity.
- Stage 1: Cancer has formed, and the tumor is less than 2 centimeters.
- Stage 2: The tumor is larger than 2 centimeters, but less than 4.
- Stage 3: The tumor may be any size and has spread to the lymph nodes, 或者大于4厘米.
- 第四阶段(4A, 4B， & 4C): The tumor has spread outside the lip or oral cavity and may have spread to other parts of the body.
When cancer spreads from where it started to another part of the body, it is called metastasis. These metastatic cancer cells are the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. 例如, if lip or oral cancer spreads to the bone, the cancer cells in the bone are actually lip or oral cancer cells. The disease is metastatic lip or oral cancer, not bone cancer.
了解更多关于 the stages of 唇部和口腔癌 来自国家癌症研究所.
