About 非黑色素瘤皮肤癌
Skin cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells form in the tissues of the 真皮, or skin. Different types of cancer start in the skin. The most common types of non-melanoma 皮肤癌s are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
迹象 & 症状
These are signs of 皮肤癌:
- 不能愈合的伤口
- Unusual areas of the skin:
- Raised, smooth, shiny, and pearly
- Firm and like a scar; may be white, yellow, or waxy
- Raised and red or reddish-brown
- Scaly, bleeding, or crusty
Many other health problems can also cause these signs. If you have any of these signs, see your doctor as soon as possible.
了解更多关于 皮肤癌 from the National Cancer Institute.
Image Showing Layers of the Skin
专业 & 治疗
The treatment or combination of treatments each patient has depends on the stage of the cancer, recommendations of the care team, 以及病人的愿望. These are the most common types of treatment:
- 手术
- 放射治疗
- 化疗
- 靶向治疗
- 生物治疗
- 光动力治疗
了解更多关于 types of cancer treatments.
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原因 & 风险因素
Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean you are sure to get cancer. It means your chances are higher than the average person’s. Talk with your doctor to learn more about your cancer risk.
The chance of getting 皮肤癌 increases with sun exposure. These are other risk factors:
- A personal history of 皮肤癌
- A 家族病史 of 皮肤癌 or unusual moles (atypical nevus syndrome)
- Having had sunburns that blistered, especially as a child or teenager
- Having several large or small moles
- Having fair skin that freckles and burns easily, does not tan or tans poorly, 浅色的眼睛, 和/或红色或金色的头发
- Having radiation treatments in the past
- 光化性角化病
- Having a weakened immune system
诊断 & 阶段
诊断 & 皮肤癌筛查
筛选 looks for cancer before you have symptoms. 筛选 can also check for anything unusual if you notice changes in your skin. 筛选 can rule out an issue or help find cancer at an early stage, when it may be easier to treat.
Doctors use these tests to screen for and diagnose 皮肤癌:
- 皮肤考试: A health care provider checks for moles, 胎记, or other pigmented areas that look abnormal in color, 大小, 形状, 或纹理.
- 活组织检查: The health care provider removes cell or tissue samples so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer.
皮肤癌的分期
Cancer stages show whether cancer has spread within the skin or to other parts of the body. Cancer spreads in the body in three ways: through tissue, the lymph system, or the blood.
These are the stages used for 皮肤癌:
- Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ): Abnormal cells are in the squamous cell or basal cell layer of the epi真皮.
- Stage 1: Cancer has formed, and the tumor is smaller than 2 centimeters at its widest point or has one high-risk feature.
- Stage 2: Tumor is either larger than 2 centimeters at the widest point, or of any 大小 with more high-risk features.
- Stage 3: Tumor has spread to the jaw, 眼眶, 颅骨侧面, or one lymph node with the lymph node no larger than 3 centimeters.
- Stage 4: The tumor is any 大小 and has spread to other parts of the body and/or lymph nodes.
When cancer spreads from where it started to another part of the body, it is called metastasis. These metastatic cancer cells are the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. 例如, if 皮肤癌 spreads to the bone, the cancer cells in the bone are actually 皮肤癌 cells. The disease is metastatic 皮肤癌, not bone cancer.
了解更多关于 皮肤癌的阶段 from the National Cancer Institute.
