关于前列腺癌
Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells form in the tissues of the prostate.
迹象 & 症状
These are signs of 前列腺癌:
- 血尿或精液中的血
- Shortness of breath, feeling very tired, fast heartbeat, dizziness, or pale skin caused by anemia
- A pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that doesn't go away
- Sudden or frequent urination (especially at night)
- Trouble starting, weak or interrupted (“stop-和-go”) flow of urine
- Trouble emptying the 膀胱 completely
- Pain or burning while urinating
Many other health problems can also cause these signs. If you have any of these signs, you should see your doctor as soon as possible.
了解更多关于 前列腺癌 from the National Cancer Institute.
Image of the Male Reproductive System
专业 & 治疗
The treatment or combination of treatments each patient has depends on the stage of the cancer, recommendations of the care team, 以及病人的愿望. These are the most common types of treatment:
- Watchful waiting or active surveillance
- 手术
- 放射治疗
- 化疗
- 激素疗法
- 生物治疗
- 二磷酸盐
- 局部治疗
- Transperineal活组织检查
亨茨曼癌症研究所’s 泌尿道的癌症 Program provides comprehensive, 富有同情心的, state-of-the-art care for people with 前列腺癌. Our experts treat 和 diagnose all types of urologic cancers 和 conditions.
了解更多关于 癌症治疗的类型 和 前列腺癌 surgery choices from the National Cancer Institute.
找前列腺癌医生
原因 & 风险因素
Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor does not mean you are sure to get cancer. It means your chances are higher than the average person’s. Talk with your doctor to learn more about your cancer risk.
The chance of getting 前列腺癌 increases with age.
诊断 & 阶段
前列腺癌的诊断
Doctors use these tests to diagnose 前列腺癌:
- 体格检查及病史： A health care provider examines your body for signs of disease. Your personal health habits, past illnesses, 和 symptoms help guide the exam.
- 直肠指检（DRE） A health care provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum 和 feels the prostate through the rectal wall, checking for lumps or abnormal areas.
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: This test measures the level of PSA, a substance made by the prostate, in the blood.
- Transrectal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): This test uses a magnet, radio waves, 和 a computer to make detailed images of the prostate.
- 活组织检查: The health care provider removes cell or tissue samples so they can be viewed under a microscope to check for signs of cancer.
- Transrectal超声: This procedure uses high-energy sound waves to create a picture of prostate tissue. The health care provider gently inserts a lubricated probe into the rectum.
前列腺癌的分期
Cancer stages show whether cancer has spread within or around the prostate or to other parts of the body. Cancer spreads in the body in three ways: through tissue, the lymph system, or the blood.
These are the stages used for 前列腺癌:
- Stage 1: Cancer is found in the prostate only 和 cannot be felt by a digital rectal exam or seen through imaging tests.
- 第二阶段（2A） & 2B): Cancer has not spread outside the prostate but is found in one-half of one lobe of the prostate, or in opposite sides of the prostate.
- Stage 3: Cancer has spread beyond the outer layer of the prostate.
- Stage 4: Cancer has spread beyond the seminal vesicles or to distant parts of the body.
When cancer spreads from where it started to another part of the body, it is called metastasis. These metastatic cancer cells are the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. 例如, if 前列腺癌 spreads to the bone, the cancer cells in the bone are actually 前列腺癌 cells. The disease is metastatic 前列腺癌, not bone cancer.
了解更多关于 前列腺癌的分期 from the National Cancer Institute.
