事件记录
Dr. 琼斯: There are many ways that women's brains are different from men's brains. 但如果大脑像脑震荡一样受到撞击呢? 它们不同吗？? 这是博士. Kirtly Jones from Obstetrics and Gynecology from University of Utah Health, and this is 范围.
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Dr. 琼斯: 作为生殖内分泌学家, I am interested in the sex differences in the brain and behavior between men and women. Sex differences are differences that are related to sex chromosomes and sex hormones. 当然，我对性别差异也很感兴趣. Gender differences are related to social and societal norms for behavior that are different between men and women.
当涉及到男性和女性的大脑和行为差异时, 有性别，也有性别差异, 当然，它们在很多情况下是联系在一起的，但不是所有的情况. 例如, the verbal part of the brain in women is generally comparatively bigger in women than men. We think that is probably related to hormones and early development, but we're not sure.
However, after babies are born, do moms talk to their baby girls differently than baby boys? 这是一个性别差异. 如果平均来说女人比男人说话多, is that a sex difference or a gender difference or a combination of the two? 女性患偏头痛的几率明显高于男性. 大发娱乐很确定这种差异主要是荷尔蒙造成的, 性别差异，而不是性别差异, 但这很复杂. Women are more likely to complain of headaches of any type than men are.
好吧，大发娱乐来谈谈脑震荡. 男性比女性更容易患脑震荡. This may be related to the sports that are prone to concussive interactions: American football, 曲棍球, 拳击, 你知道. It may be related to the fact that men are more prone to risky behavior: cliff jumping, 摩托车骑.
其中一些是性别差异. 如果一个女人能长得像防守截锋一样强壮, 她能打高中或大学橄榄球吗? 不幸的是, there are social situations in which women are much more prone to head injury than men such as domestic violence. So this makes it hard to study differences in closed head trauma in women and men. So if you pick a sport where the rules are the same for women and men and the sport engages a lot of women, 然后你就可以开始研究差异了.
足球就是一个很好的例子. In studies comparing concussion rates in soccer players, women have more concussions than men. 不多，但多一点. 现在大发娱乐来看看有趣的性和性别问题. There are sex reasons why women might be more prone to concussion than men in soccer. Men have larger and more muscular necks so they can brace their head better, 少扭脖子，少抖脑袋. Women may be slightly more likely to verbalize their symptoms after concussion, 因此，它们更有可能被报道和统计. There is evidence that men are slightly less likely to report concussions. Studies show that both male and female athletes will lie about symptoms after head trauma to stay in the game, 男性约79%的时间，女性约70%的时间. 实际上, these numbers are really terrifying if athletes are so willing to cover up potentially dangerous symptoms.
现在，荷尔蒙部分非常有趣. One study of women who were hospitalized for concussion looked at women's hormonal status at the time of concussion. Women who were hurt in the early part of their menstrual cycle when there's just estrogen around, had on average longer times to recovery than women who were in the second half of their cycle or on birth control pills when progesterone or progestin hormones in the pill were around. This was added to some research in rats that suggested that rats that were given progesterone, 女性荷尔蒙, 头部外伤后立即, 对大脑的不良影响更小. In the rat case, you can control for sex and gender, and the degree of head trauma.
这导致了对头部创伤患者的早期研究, 不论男女, progesterone after head trauma to see if the brain was less damaged and recovered faster. 早期的研究表明黄体酮有一定的保护作用, 这让我很兴奋. 当然, most all of us are exposed to truly horrifying head trauma during a normal vaginal birth, but our brains are swimming in progesterone from our placenta so maybe that's protective. 这一边, a larger randomized trial of progesterone treatment in head trauma didn't show a difference in outcome.
那么大发娱乐应该怎么做呢? 当然, the National Brian Bank is looking for brains after death of men and women who've been exposed to concussions and is hoping for more brains. 当然，大发娱乐很难过. 大发娱乐不希望人们早死, 但如果你这样做了，你的大脑是有用的, 这是你可以做的. This bank has made news in their work on chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CTE, in the brains of athletes who died who were exposed to multiple concussions. To date the Bank in Boston University has detected CTE in 236 of 377 brains donated to the research lab. But only four of those brains belonged to women, and none of those women's brains had CTE.
There are more and more studies of women and concussion, and that's encouraging. There's a website and national non-profit organization called Pink Concussions to raise awareness of concussion in girls in women. 最重要的是, if a girl or a woman has a head bonk and sees stars or has a temporary change in consciousness, 不一定会失去意识, 她应该停下手头的工作，接受评估. Any sport that encourages using the head as a tool or a target: heading the ball in soccer, 在拳击中击中头部, should have the rules changed to protect men and women and boys and girls. 别说橄榄球了.
To search 范围 website by putting concussion in the search box, you can learn more. 谢谢.
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